FINAL PROJET-Y 042

Final Project - Y042




Well, we have got to the end of the road. Hope you have learned and had fun during this short trip to the world of reading a text in English.



A. Categorías lexicales y uso del diccionario.


1. Identificación de palabras que no se conocen su significado: Uso del diccionario.. agrega las abreviaciones ( al menos 5 palabras)


A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in satisfying a wide range of the consumer's personal and residential durable goods product needs; and at the same time offering the consumer a choice multiple merchandise lines, at variable price points, in all product categories. Department stores usually sell products including apparel, furniture, home appliances, electronics, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewellery, toys, and sporting goods. Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores. Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store. Department stores are usually part of a retail chain of many stores situated around a country or several countries.






1. jewellery


2. retail


3. durable goods


4. toys,


2. Tiempo verbales (selecciona 1 ejemplo para cada tiempo verbal presente en el texto


R:/ A department store is a retail establishment which specializes in satisfying a wide range of the


3. Idea principal del texto (en español)


R/: LAS TIENDAS POR LOS DEPARTAMENTOS VENDEN PRODUCTOS QUE INCLUYEN MUEBLES Y APLICACIONES PARA CASA Y ADEMAS PROGRAMAS DE PAINT. HARDWARE , COSMETICOS Y EQUIPO , JUGUETES , JOYAS Y ROPA DEPORTIVA


Department stores usually sell products including apparel, furniture, home appliances, electronics, and additionally select other lines of products such as paint, hardware, toiletries, cosmetics, photographic equipment, jewellery, toys, and sporting goods


4. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoria)


• Palabras de contenido:


1. retail


2. cosmetics,


3. photographic equipment


4. paint,


5. hardware


6. jewellery,


7. toys


• Palabras de Función:


1. Certain department stores are further classified as discount department stores. Discount department stores commonly have central customer checkout areas, generally in the front area of the store.


• Verbos:


1. are


2. is


• Adverbio:


1. Additionally


2. Usually


3. monly


• Adjetivo:


1. The


2. A department


• Artículo:


1. THE


• Preposiciones:


1. AT


2. BY


• Conjunción:


1. AND


2. THAT

•  Cognados verdaderos:

1.Department


2.Personal


• cognados Falsos:


NO HAY

• Sufijo:


1.Additionally


2.usually


• Prefijos:
NO HAY

ACTIVIDAD 1 MARKETING

The marketing is an anglicized term that has different definitions. According to Philip Kotler (considered by some the father of marketing) is "the social and administrative process by which groups and individuals meet their needs by creating and exchanging goods and services."

Articulo

Sustantivo

Verbo

Adjetivo

Advervio

Conjunciòn

UNIDAD 4 PATRONES DE ORGANIZACION DE UN PARRAFO

A. Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia.

• Lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

1. GENERAL MANAGER


A Manager may be responsible for one functional area, the General Manager is responsible for all areas. Most commonly, the term general manager refers to any executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a company's income statement. This is often referred to as Profit & Loss (P&L) responsibility. This means that a general manager usually oversees most or all of the firm's marketing and sales functions as well as the day-to-day operations of the business. Frequently, the general manager is also responsible for leading or coordinating the strategic planning functions of the company.


In many cases, the general manager of a business is given a different formal title or titles. Most corporate managers holding the titles of Chief Executive Officer or President, for example, are the general managers of their respective businesses. More rarely, the Chief Financial Officer , Chief Operating Officer , or Chief Marketing Officer will act as the general manager of the business. Depending on the company, individuals with the title Managing Director, Regional Vice President, Country Manager, Product Manager, Branch Manager or Segment Manager may also have general management responsibilities.


In consumer products companies, general managers are often given the title Brand Manager or Category Manager. In professional services firms, the general manager may hold titles such as Managing Partner, Senior Partner, or Managing Director.


In non-profit enterprises, the general manager is often given the title Executive Director.


En la sección Artículos de Negocios, Gestión y Gerencia encontrará los mejores escritos ... Se trata de un nuevo concepto gerencial, destinado a mejorar

B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga las palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, o de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.

• Marcadores de Tiempo






• Tipo de texto

1. DESCRIPTIVO

• Idea general del párrafo:


A Manager may be responsible for one functional area, the General Manager is responsible for all areas. Most commonly, the term general manager refers to any executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a company's income statement. This is often referred to as Profit & Loss (P&L) responsibility. This means that a general manager usually oversees most or all of the firm's marketing and sales functions as well as the day-to-day operations of the business.

UNIDAD 3 TECNICAS DE LECTURA : PREDICCION ,SCANNIG Y SKIMMING

Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in products or services. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business development. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves



Marketing is used to identify the customer, to keep the customer, and to satisfy the customer. With the customer as the focus of its activities, it can be concluded that marketing management is one of the major components of business management. Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in developing new markets caused by mature markets and overcapacities in the last  centuries.citation needed The adoption of marketing strategies requires businesses to shift their focus from production to the perceived needs and wants of their customers as the means of staying profitable
The term marketing concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions.
 It proposes that in order to satisfy its organizational objectives, an organization should anticipate the needs and wants of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than


Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas

•De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?

R/:   ESTA IMAGEN ME MUESTRA  AL GERENTE DE LA COMPAÑIA EN UNA SALA JUNTAS REUNIDO CON SUS SUBALTERNOS 

• 
  
  Cuál es la idea general del texto

R/  NOS HABLA SOBRE EL MARKENTING DENTRO DE UNA COMPAÑIA Y LAS ESTRATEGIAS QUE SE DEBEN TOMAR DENTRO DE LA ORGANIZACION PARA UN BUEN SERVICIO EN SUS PRODUCTOS CON UNA EFECTIVIDAD

• 
  
  Que palabras se repiten
  

  
  

  
  

  R/:  customer ,Marketing,satisfy
  

  The, of, companies, management, organizational

   

  • 
    
    Que palabras se parecen al español 

  1. 
     
     organizational

  2.     companies
  
  3.         process
  
  

  • Cuales son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?

  R/ : Marketing is the process by which companies
  
  
  

  • De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo. 

  
  

ESTRATEGIA EMPRESARIAL

YA QUE EXISTE MULTIPLES DEFINICIONES DE ESTRATEGIAS ME GUSTARIAS INVITARLO A VISITAR LA PAGINA http://www.degerencia.com/ YA QUE ES UNA DEFINICION MAS ORIENTADA HACIA EL MUNDO DE NEGOCIO

LA ESTRATEGIA CORPORATIVA ES DE GRAN IMPORTACIA PARA CUALQUIER EMPRESA SEA PEQUEÑA O GRANDE  , EN LAS GRANDES EMPRESAS  SUELEN SER LOS ALTOS NIVELES GERENCIALES  QUIENES SE OCUPAN DEL TEMA ESTRATEGICO , SIN EMBARGO A MEDIDA QUE UN INDIVIDUO ASCIENDE EN LA ESCALA , TIENEN QUE IR PENSANDO CADA DIA MAS EN FORMA ESTRATEGICA
EXISTEN MULTIPLES DEFINICIONES DE ESTRATEGIAS , MENCIONADAS EN PENSAMIENTOS  , IDEAS EXPERIENCIAS , OBJETIVOS , EXPECTATIVAS  QUE PROVEEN UNA GUIA GENERALN PARA TOMAR ACCIONES ESPECIFICAS .

BIENVENIDOS A MI BLOGGER ENYKA

DE TODO UN POCO

OBJETIVO 1: LA DEFINICIÓN.
Lectura 1
Ejercicio 1
Lea las siguientes definiciones y extraiga los marcadores del discurso.
a)
Traditional leadership theory is narrowly concerned with top-down leadership in large organizations.
b)
Ethics refers to learning what is right or wrong, and then doing the right thing.
c)
Coaching is partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential.
d)
The word leadership can refer to: 1. The ability "to get people to follow voluntarily." 2. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. 3. The ability to affect human behavior so as to accomplish a mission designated by the leader. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership, consultado el 30/06/2008
e)
Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, and also something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education, consultado el 30/06/2008
f)
Ontology is known as the branch of philosophy focusing upon the origins, essence and meaning of being.


TERMINO DEFINIDO
MARCADORES DEL DISCURSO
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Ejercicio 2. Lea los siguientes textos y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.
a) Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, "logos") or theory of knowledge is a branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge.[1] The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808-1864).[
Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth, belief, and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims. In other words, epistemology primarily addresses the following questions: "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", and "What do people know?”
Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, 1967, Macmillan, Inc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology, consultado el 30/06/2008

Epistemology:
vocabulario de origen griego ,cuyo conocimiento marcado por la filosofía, con natural del alcanse del conocimiento

Marcadores de Discurso:
is , concemend, the term , such as ,in other word


b) Interpersonal communication is defined by communication scholars in numerous ways, though most definitions involve participants who are interdependent on one another, have a shared history. Communication channels are the medium chosen to convey the message from sender to receiver. Communication channels can be categorized into two main categories: Direct and Indirect channels of communication.
Interpersonal communication:comunicacion escolar por varias vias . involucra participantes que van independiente uno de otro tienen historias compartidas , canales de comunicación son el medio de eleccion que cubre de mensajes del emisor y receptor . los canales de comunicación pueden ser principalmente 2 categorias directos e indirectos

Marcadores de Discurso:
IS involve


c) Neuro-linguistic programming (usually shortened to NLP) is an interpersonal communication model and an alternative approach to psychotherapy that was co-created by Richard Bandler and linguist John Grinder in the 1970s. It was based on the subjective study of language, communication and personal change, in particular, mainly through modeling three successful psychotherapists, Fritz Perls (gestalt therapy), Virginia Satir (family systems therapy), and eventually Milton H. Erickson (clinical hypnosis). Bandler and Grinder aimed to discover and model the successful patterns of behavior and communication distinguishing these exceptional individuals from their peers. Some consider NLP to still be a set of techniques or strategies for enhancing communication and personal influence rather than a model or theory.

Neuro-linguistic programming:
PNL ES UN MODELO DE COMUNICACION INTERPERSONAL Y UNA BENEFICIOSA DE LA PSICOTERAPIA CREADO POR BLANDER Y GRINDER , SE BASA ENE EK ESTUDIO SUBJETIVO DEL LENGUAJE, CAMBIO PERSONAL DE LA COMUNICACION EN PARTICULAR POR MEDIO DEL MODELAJE 3 SPIQUIATRAS FAMOSOS PERLS , SATIR , ERICKSON , BLANDER ALCAZARON DESCRIBIR UN MODELO EXITOSO



Marcadores de Discurso:

OBJETIVO 2:
PATRÓN DE NARRACIONES CON SECUENCIA Y ORDENAMIENTO DEL TIEMPO
Adaptado de: www.cch.unam.mx/sacademica/idiomas/ingles/frame2/u2orgtext.htm, consultado el 30/06/2008
Lectura 2
Ejercicio 1. Lea el siguiente texto y extraiga las palabras claves, diga si son de instrucciones, o de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.
a) Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules such as Gantt charts to plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment.
Initially, the project scope is defined and the appropriate methods for completing the project are determined. Following this step, the durations for the various tasks necessary to complete the work are listed and grouped into a work breakdown structure. The logical dependencies between tasks are defined using an activity network diagram that enables identification of the critical path. Float or slack time in the schedule can be calculated using project management software. Then the necessary resources can be estimated and costs for each activity can be allocated to each resource, giving the total project cost. At this stage, the project plan may be optimized to achieve the appropriate balance between resource usage and projectduration to comply with the project objectives. Once established and agreed, the plan becomes what is known as the baseline. Progress will be measured against the baseline throughout the life of the project. Analyzing progress compared to the baseline is known as earned value management.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_planning, consultado el 30/06/2008
Marcadores de Tiempo:
Tipo de texto:
Idea general del párrafo:
b) Business administration school is a university-level institution that educates learners on such topics as accounting, finance, marketing, organizational behavior, strategy planning, and quantitative methods. Most business administration schools have experienced well-qualified faculties, and efficient managements. In 1881, the first 'collegiate business school' was founded in Wharton.Business Schools before World War II were mostly "schools of commerce" and were conducted in relatively low esteem. After the Second World War and especially after 1960, Business Administration Schools began to grow rapidly. They are often known as university graduate schools. MBA degrees originally occurred in the United States of America, due to the fast industrialization growth that made it essential for companies to use scientific approaches to teach management. The first MBA degree was offered by Dartmouth College in 1900. Business schools have mushroomed and flourished in all states and countries thus, making them feasible for individuals who work during the day to take classes and earn degrees at night.
Since 1988, business schools have changed deans, altered curriculums, and stressed new expertise among their students. A MBA degree has opened abundant opportunities for its bearers. Presently, nearly all business positions require an MBA degree as the minimum qualification. This includes business managers in marketing, finance, human resources, operations, and information technology. Investment entities, banking companies and a number of management consulting firms prefer employing MBA graduates specializing in the field of finance. These graduates are well conversant in their respective fields. For industries such as media and entertainment, an MBA is not a necessity, but it is considered an additional asset.
There are wide ranges of options among the different academic institutions that offer business courses. Various sites are available wherein detailed information about all the specialization fields are mentioned along with their course details. These sites also offer information regarding the universities that are well qualified and offer competent MBA programs.
http://ezinearticles.com/?History-Of-Business-Administration-Education&id=428774, consultado el 30/06/2008
Unidad IV. Ejercicios - Pág. 9
Marcadores de Tiempo:
Tipo de texto:
Idea general del texto:
Lectura 3
Ejercicio 2. Lea el siguiente texto y complete la tabla con los eventos que tuvieron lugar en los momentos señalados.
Human Resources School
Beginning in the early 1950s, the human resources school represented a substantial progression from human relations. The behavioral approach did not always increase productivity. Thus, motivation and leadership techniques became a topic of great interest. The human resources school understands that employees are very creative and competent, and that much of their talent is largely untapped by their employersEmployees want meaningful work; they want to contribute; they want to participate in decision making and leadership functions.
Integrating the Management Theories
Systems theory and a contingency view can help integrate the theories of management. Appropriate managerial techniques can be applied as required by environmental conditions. A broad perspective is valuable to managers when overseeing one unit or the total integration of all subunits.
Systems Theory
During the 1940s and World War II, systems analysis emerged. This viewpoint uses systems concepts and quantitative approaches from mathematics, statistics, engineering, and other related fields to solve problems. Managers find optimal solutions to management problems by using scientific analysis which is closely associated with the systems approach to management. A system is an interrelated and interdependent set of elements functioning as a whole. It is an open system that interacts with its environment. It is composed of inputs from the environment (material or human resources), transformation processes of inputs to finished goods (technological and managerial processes), outputs of those finished goods into the environment (products or services), and feedback (reactions from the environment). Subsystems are systems within a broader system. Interdependent subsystems (such as production, finance, and human resources) work toward synergy in an attempt to accomplish an organizational goal that could not otherwise be accomplished by a single subsystem. Systems develop synergy. This is a condition in which the combined and coordinated actions of the parts of a system achieve more than all the parts could have achieved acting independently. Entropy is the process that leads to decline.In the mid-1960s, the contingency view of management or situational approach emerged. This view emphasizes the fit between organization processes and the characteristics of the situation. It calls for fitting the structure of the organization to various possible or chance events. It questions the use of universal management practices and advocates using traditional, behavioral, and systems viewpoints independently or in combination to deal with various circumstances. The contingency approach assumes that managerial behavior is dependent on a wide variety of elements. Thus, it provides a framework for integrating the knowledge of management thought.
http://telecollege.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/1overview/management_Unidad IV. Ejercicios - Pág. 11
In the mid-1960s, the contingency view of management or situational approach emerged. This view emphasizes the fit between organization processes and the characteristics of the situation. It calls for fitting the structure of the organization to various possible or chance events. It questions the use of universal management practices and advocates using traditional, behavioral, and systems viewpoints independently or in combination to deal with various circumstances. The contingency approach assumes that managerial behavior is dependent on a wide variety of elements. Thus, it provides a framework for integrating the knowledge of management thought.
http://telecollege.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/1overview/management_history/mgmt_history.htmMarcadores de discurso de tiempo
EventosBeginning in the early 1950s
During the 1940s
In the mid-1960s

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